Smart materials are materials that have the ability to respond to changes in their environment, such as temperature, stress, moisture, or light, in a controlled and predictable manner. These materials are designed to have specific properties that can be altered or controlled through external stimuli, enabling them to adapt, repair, or transform themselves in response to changing conditions. Smart materials have a wide range of potential applications, including in aerospace, medical devices, sensors, and actuators. Researchers are continually developing new smart materials with enhanced capabilities and properties, making them an exciting and rapidly expanding field of study in materials science and engineering.